Nucor Rebar Fabrication
Leader in detailing, fabrication & installation of reinforcing steel for construction projects.
About
-Manages every step of reinforcing-steel delivery—from design-phase detailing to fabrication, delivery and on-site installation -Handles large-scale infrastructure and construction projects: bridges, medical centres, campuses, transport hubs, wind farms and commercial buildings -Offers sector-specific expertise in construction, energy, infrastructure and concrete applications -Built its footprint through strategic acquisitions to dominate the Northeastern U.S. market -Combines CNC-robotic fabrication with on-site installation services -Operates under the financial strength of Nucor.
Open Positions (245)
Structural Design Engineer EIT
Design metal building systems, including structural steel and panels, for diverse low‑rise projects.
Entry Level Production - Wire Products
Entry-level production position with on‑the‑job training, physical tasks, and safety focus.
Rigger/Welder
Perform welding and rigging tasks on steel joists and decking
General Labourer
Assist production, maintenance, and shipping tasks while maintaining safety and organization.
General Labourer
Assist production, maintenance, and shipping tasks while maintaining safety and organization.
Equipment Operator II- Columbia
Operate heavy equipment to handle scrap, load trucks, and maintain safety in a recycling yard.
Welder
MIG welding pre‑assembled structural steel joists to CWB quality standards
Welder
MIG weld structural steel joists, ensuring CWB quality and safe equipment operation.
Rigger/Welder
Perform welding and rigging on steel joists in a manufacturing plant.
Material Handler
Load/unload materials, stage goods, and manage shipping docs in a steel yard.
Material Handler
Load/unload materials, organize yard, handle shipping documents, operate forklifts/cranes.
Structural Fabricator Teammate
Fabricate and weld structural steel assemblies, operate cranes, and ensure safety.
Detailer/ AutoCAD Drafter
Detail/ draft rebar for commercial/civil construction projects using CAD.
Entry Level Production
General labor in a steel recycling warehouse, handling scrap, safety, and forklift tasks.
Controls Engineer
Optimize and support automation/control systems for steel rebar fabrication.
Plant Manager - Blytheville, AR (NYS)
Lead all operations of an air‑separation plant, ensuring safety, production, maintenance, and budget.
Sales Service Supervisor
Manage detailing services, post-sale functions, supervise teams, ensure safety and delivery.
NBGSC - VA FITTER - LaCrosse VA
Weld steel structural components, prepare/finish welds, inspect, and operate related equipment.
Rebar Fabricator 1
Bend, cut, bundle, and load reinforcing steel bars per orders.
Inside Sales Rep
Inside Sales Rep handles customer orders, pricing, and coordination for steel plate sales.
2nd Shift Production Lead
Lead 2nd shift team, oversee operations, safety, training, and production performance.
Entry Level Production
Entry-level production role with training, physical work, and safety focus
Entry Level Production
Semi‑skilled production position with on‑the‑job training, physical duties and safety emphasis.
NBGSC - VA WELDER - LaCrosse VA
Weld steel structural parts, operate equipment, inspect, ensure safety.
NSBHM Rail Spike Automation/Electrical Technician
Electrical tech maintaining PLCs, induction heating & equipment in rail spike plant.
Production Lead - Solar
Leads and trains production staff, ensures safety and quality in steel manufacturing
General Labourer
Fabricate, cut, bundle, and load reinforcing steel per customer orders.
2nd Shift Maintenance Technician
Maintain and repair mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and electrical equipment on 2nd shift.
Finance Analyst
FP&A analyst providing forecasting, reporting and strategic insights for product groups.
Accountant
Support month‑end close, journal entries, reconciliations, and reporting.
Maintenance Technician
Maintain and troubleshoot hydraulic, pneumatic, and electrical equipment for production.
District Sales Manager
Lead sales, build customer relationships, and drive profitability across the Northwest steel market.
Physical Lab Tech
Run roll mill lab, test steel samples for dimensions, surface, mechanical properties.
Maintenance Mechanic
Perform preventive and corrective mechanical maintenance on hot‑mill equipment.
Maintenance Technician
Perform preventive maintenance and troubleshoot industrial equipment in a warehouse.
Safety Specialist
Ensures workplace safety by managing compliance, training, audits, and radiation safety.
NSD Sales Assistant
Assist sales team with reports, customer visits, calls, and office tasks.
Caster Process Engineer
Support casting operations, optimize processes, and lead improvements for steel sheet production.
Detailer Trainee
Detail simple rebar projects, create accurate drawings, ensure safety & customer service.
Level 2 Process Control Engineer
Maintain and improve production systems via software, data, and project engineering.
VIN Driver
Transport steel products, wood and freight safely, maintain logs, inspect loads
Roll Grinder Operator
Operate roll grinders, ensure safety, quality, and uptime in sheet mill roll shop.
Sales Rep - Minneapolis
Sell and promote Vulcraft steel products to customers in ND, SD, MN, and WI
Office Administrator
Admin duties: phone, visitors, mail, finance support, scheduling, supplies, events.
Division Support Administrator
Provide administrative support for production scheduling, inventory, sales, and accounting.
NSD Accounting Manager
Lead accounting team, oversee reporting, controls, and financial analysis.
Contracts Manager-Fontana
Review, negotiate, and manage contracts and purchase orders for Nucor Rebar Fabrication.
Maintenance Tech-Fontana
Maintain, repair, and troubleshoot fabrication equipment, ensuring safety and efficiency.
Construction Field Technician
Assist on‑site construction tasks from pre‑construction through closeout, installing data‑center components and sound control devices.
Automation Lead - Nucor Towers & Structures
Lead automation team, manage controls, robotics and capital projects at NTS Decatur
Controller
Senior finance leader overseeing strategy, accounting, and risk for a steel plant.
Roll Mill Mechanic
Lead maintenance, safety, and projects for roll mill equipment at Nucor Steel.
Production Worker
Bend, cut, bundle, and load rebar per orders, working outdoors with safety focus.
NDS Entry Level Production Frankfort
Entry-level production role with on-the-job training, physical work, and safety focus.
Small Equipment Operator
Operate various small equipment to move scrap material and support yard operations.
Production Worker
Bend, cut, bundle, and load rebar per orders in an outdoor, safety‑focused plant.
NSBC - Automation Engineer
Engineer Cold Mill automation/control systems to boost reliability, safety, and performance.
Accountant I
Perform accounting, reporting, SOX, tax and forecasting duties for the recycling division.
NTSIN - Inventory Analyst
Manage inventory receiving, tracking, cycle counts, and reporting for raw material and steel.
Rebar Detailing Lead
Supervise rebar detailers, manage work schedules, safety, costs, and team development.
District Sales Manager - Nucor Towers and Structures
Lead regional sales/marketing for commercial galvanizing, building orderbook in Indiana.
EHS Coordinator - Nucor Towers & Structures
Lead environmental compliance, permits, training, and community outreach at NTS.
Ladle Crane Operator
Operate ladle crane to transport hot metal, manage ladles & ensure safety.
Hot Mill Administrator
Administer payroll, document control, reporting and support Hot Mill scheduling.
Racking & Finishing Operator - Nucor Towers and Structures
Entry-level role handling material prep, galvanizing, finishing, and equipment operation.
Construction Field Technician
Assist with on-site construction tasks, install data center components, ensure safety.
Project Coordinator
Coordinate rebar projects, manage records, deliveries, and change orders for customers.
Project Manager
Manage complex rebar projects from estimating to completion, ensuring safety and profitability.
Shipping Operator
Operate forklifts and handle shipping tasks in a manufacturing warehouse.
Production Lead
Lead production, safety, maintenance, and team coordination at Texas Port Recycling
Senior Detailer
Detail complex rebar projects using RebarCAD, manage contracts, ensure safety.
Structural Design Engineer EIT
Design metal building systems including structural steel, panels, and bracing.
Human Resources Coordinator
HR Coordinator handling benefits, events, uniform program, bonus calculations & payroll backup.
Automation Engineer
Optimizing safety and processes via automation, hardware/software upgrades, and cross‑site support.
Kiosk Operator
Handles customer transactions, paperwork, and shipment coordination for the kiosk.
Welder Operator
Weld metal frames using MIG welder, read blueprints, and ensure safety.
Entry Level Production - GA
Semi‑skilled production position with training; physical work and safety emphasis.
NF Production
General labor handling scrap metal, equipment operation, and safety in a recycling yard
Industrial Electrician
Install and maintain industrial electrical systems, program PLCs and VFDs, troubleshoot equipment.
FP&A Manager
Lead FP&A, budgeting, forecasting, accounting and analysis for steel division.
Material Handler
Operate sit-down forklift to pull, stage, and manage inventory in warehouse.
Material Handler - Nucor Towers & Structures
Load/unload materials using forklifts and cranes, ensure safety and inspection.
PAINTER
Maintain paint quality, operate spray equipment, and ensure safe production environment.
Material Grader
Perform material handling, inspections, and warehouse duties in a metal recycling facility.
Safety Trainee
Assist in developing, implementing, and managing safety policies, training, and compliance.
NTP-CS Environmental Engineer I
Lead environmental compliance, safety, and sustainability for Nucor division.
Maintenance Mechanic
Maintain and repair industrial machinery, ensuring uptime and safety.
CGL2 QC Technician
Inspect, test, and document steel coatings, maintain equipment, ensure safety.
NTP Birmingham - EHS Site Coordinator
Coordinate EHS programs, audits, training, and compliance for Nucor Tubular in Birmingham.
Design Engineer I
Lead design team, schedule, training, staffing, and safety for pre‑engineered metal buildings.
NSBC - Accounts Payable Administrator
Process AP invoices, reconcile, assist vendors, and handle check processing.
NSBC - Beam Mill Lab Technician
Test and handle beam mill samples, maintain lab safety, work rotating shifts.
Division Support Administrator
Provide clerical support for the division, handling filing, scanning, records, and office tasks.
District Sales Manager
Drive sales, quoting, and customer relationships for Nucor Rebar Fabrication across a territory.
Sales Administrator
Support sales team with bids, customer service, and documentation.
Branch Manager
Lead branch operations, ensure safety, drive production and profitability.
Entry Level Production
Entry-level semi-skilled production role with training, physical work, safety focus.
Level 1 Process Control Engineer
Design, upgrade, program, and improve Level 1 automation systems for steel mill processes.
Nonferrous Production
Weigh, purchase, and process nonferrous materials while ensuring safety and compliance.
Electrical Lead
Lead electrical team to plan, execute and improve maintenance in steel production
Kiosk Operator
Handles cash, customer transactions, and coordinates shipments at a recycling kiosk.
EHS Coordinator
Lead environmental compliance, permits, training, and sustainability at NTS.
Account Manager
Manage customer accounts, drive scrap metal sales, ensure safety and profitability.
Operations and Sales Summer Internship Program
Hands‑on summer internship rotating between operations and sales in scrap metal recycling.
Production Planner
Schedules work orders, manages production plans, and ensures safety compliance.
Office Administrator
Provide administrative support for invoicing, filing, phone handling, and basic AP/AR for a steel fabrication branch.
Regional Sales Manager
Manage regional sales, grow accounts, lead team, ensure safety in central Texas.
Brick Mason
Coordinate refractory activities and bricking for melt shop operations.
Entry Level Production
Semi‑skilled production role with on‑the‑job training, handling material and equipment.
Deck Plant Supervisor
Lead deck plant operations, ensuring safety, productivity, team growth, and maintenance.
NTSIN Third Shift Fitter Welder
Weld structural steel parts per drawings, maintain safety, certifications, and shift work.
NTP Birmingham - Accounts Receivable Administrator
Manage AR records, billing, reconciliation, and support month‑end closing.
Entry Level Production
Semi‑skilled steel production position with on‑the‑job training, physical work and safety focus
NTSIN Second Shift Fitter Welder
Weld structural steel parts per drawings, ensure quality, maintain safety, swing shifts
Maintenance Technician
Maintain and repair mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, and hydraulic equipment.
Entry Level Shipper
Assist in shipping operations, handling loads, following safety protocols.
NSBC - Shift Safety Coordinator
Safety champion overseeing ISO 45001 compliance, drug testing, inspections and emergency response.
Customer Pick Up
Assemble, load, and ship doors/products, assist customers, operate lift equipment.
Fitter Welder - Nucor Towers & Structures
Perform welding tasks in Nucor's steel manufacturing facility.
Assistant Plant Manager - Blytheville, AR (NYS)
Assist in overseeing safety, operations, and maintenance of an air separation plant.
Structural Engineer - Nucor Towers & Structures
Design and support utility steel structures for transmission and distribution projects.
Project Manager
Manage turnkey steel rack projects, coordinating shipments, installations, and safety.
Material Handler
Load/unload materials, organize yard, handle shipping docs, operate equipment.
Credit Analyst
Manage collections, lien processing, and assess customer creditworthiness.
Project Manager
Manage complex rebar projects from estimating to completion, ensuring safety and profit.
Payroll Administrator
Manage weekly payroll, benefits administration, and HR support for CSI.
VUL Rigger/Welder
Perform welding and rigging tasks on steel joists and decking in a manufacturing environment.
AR Administrator
Manage invoicing, billing, and accounts receivable for construction projects.
Project Manager
Manage complex rebar construction projects from estimating to completion.
Beam Welder
Weld low carbon steel components, maintain equipment, ensure quality and safety.
Inside Sales Representative
Inside sales rep handling bids, customer relations, quoting, and order coordination.
Welder
MIG welding structural steel joists to meet quality standards.
Structural Design Engineer
Design steel racking systems, ensure safety and compliance
Branch Manager- Montreal, QC
Lead branch operations, safety, sales, and team development for Vulcraft Canada East.
Purchasing Administrator
Manage procurement, vendor relations, and cost savings for steel division.
Production Worker
Bend, cut, bundle, and load rebar per orders in a safety‑focused outdoor setting.
Physical Lab Tech-NSKNG
Conduct mechanical/dimensional testing for rolling mill to ensure material compliance.
Crane Electrical Maintenance
Maintain and troubleshoot crane electrical systems in a steel mill.
Caster Pulpit Operator
Coordinate caster deck operations with LMF and Hot Mill, edit lineups, and manage equipment changes.
Sales Engineer
Estimate costs, manage customers, create proposals, and give technical support for steel joists.
AR Administrator
Clerical & data entry support for AR, handling payments, statements, and customer communication.
NF Production
General labor at scrap yard, handling materials, safety, equipment operation.
Senior Project Manager - Nucor Towers and Structures
Oversee end‑to‑end large‑scale projects, ensuring safety, quality, cost and customer satisfaction.
Utility Operator
Semi-skilled production/support role with on‑the‑job training, safety‑focused.
Roll/Grinder Machinist
Maintain, repair, and improve roll grinding equipment on rotating shifts
Maintenance Mechanical Technician 1
Perform preventive/predictive maintenance on power transmission, fluid, and cooling systems.
Accounting Manager
Oversee accounting, reporting, controls & team development for Nucor Steel Indiana
NTP-LV - Entry Level Production
Entry-level production role assembling a hiring pool for semi‑skilled steel manufacturing tasks
NSBHM Rail Spike Maintenance/Setup 1
Perform maintenance, troubleshooting, and safety for rail spike production.
Buyer - Nucor Towers & Structures
Procures materials, manages orders, improves processes, and supports ERP for NTS.
Shipping-Crating Specialist - 9:30am - 6:00pm shift
Pack and crate products, verify shipments, and load trucks using forklifts.
Sales Representative - Dallas
Cultivate customer relationships, create territory plans, and drive sales in Dallas.
Inside Sales Rep
Provide post‑sale support, manage orders, coordinate teams, and maintain customer relationships.
AR Credit Manager
Oversees credit, AR, billing; supports accounting & financial reporting.
Shipping-Crating Specialist
Pack and crate products, verify shipments, and load them using forklifts.
Spotter (CDL - 2nd Shift)
Safely move CHI trailers, load/unload doors, deliver loads and retrieve supplies.
Project Manager - Nucor Towers & Structures
Manage end-to-end steel project from order to cash, ensuring safety, quality, cost.
Finance Transformation Analyst
Drive finance transformation by aligning people, processes, and technology, and lead integrations.
Maintenance Technician
Maintain, troubleshoot, and improve industrial equipment and utilities.
Automation Operator - Nucor Towers and Structures
Operate and maintain robotic plasma/weld cells and related equipment
Welding-Vinyl/PVC
Operate and maintain vinyl RF welder per production schedule
Field Services Technician
Inspect, troubleshoot, train installers & support NIPG product installations.
Rebar Detailing Lead
Supervises rebar detailers, ensures safety, training, scheduling, and cost control.
Production Lead - Nucor Towers & Structures (Third Shift)
Lead production, oversee flow, train team, ensure safety, quality, and efficiency on third shift.
Production Supervisor
Lead production team, ensure safety, quality, and efficiency in rebar fabrication.
Maintenance Technician
Perform maintenance, repair and troubleshooting of equipment, ensuring safety compliance.
Rebar Fabricator Lead
Assist shop manager supervising staff and production while ensuring safety and quality.
Project Manager Lead
Coordinate and schedule rebar detailing services, oversee detailers, ensure safety and quality.
Data Engineer
Design and maintain data pipelines and models for BI and analytics.
Payroll Coordinator
Manage weekly union payroll, certifications, compliance, and employee inquiries.
Department Administrator
Administrative support for production scheduling, shipping, and customer coordination.
Receiver I
Handles receiving, inventory, forklift ops, and store management.
Rollforming Utility - 3rd Shift
Supervises 3rd shift rollforming operations, ensuring safety, production, and team development.
Shipping Supervisor
Lead shipping, receiving, trim parts, and yard ops ensuring safe, efficient material flow.
Graphic Designer
Creates on‑brand print and digital graphics, supporting marketing initiatives.
Entry Level Production - NSFL
Entry-level semi-skilled production role at Nucor Steel Florida, no experience required.
Shipping Supervisor
Lead shipping, receiving, trim production and yard ops, ensuring safety and efficiency.
Electrician-Phoenix
Maintain and troubleshoot electrical and mechanical systems in a steel fabrication plant.
VIN Detailer
Prepare field use drawings and bills of materials using Tekla for steel projects
Recruitment Administrator
Admin support for high‑volume, full‑cycle recruitment and talent‑attraction initiatives.
Recruitment Administrator
Provide admin support for high‑volume recruitment, candidate coordination and employer branding.
NF Production I
Weigh, process, and sell nonferrous materials while ensuring safety and compliance.
NTP-Gallatin Security Guard
Ensures safety and coordination of visitors, deliveries, and shipments.
Equipment Operator
Operate heavy equipment, enforce safety, and assist customers in recycling yard.
Maintenance Leader
Oversee overhead crane maintenance, ensure safety, lead team, handle emergencies.
NTSIN Production Administrator
Manage production documentation, schedules, D365 data, and scrap reporting.
Scale Operator I
Handle shipments, cash, customer service, and safety tasks at a metal recycling plant.
Mill I Roll Mill Utility
Operate rolling mill equipment, learn all crew positions, and ensure safety.
Entry Level Production - Nucor Steel Gallatin, Ghent, KY
Entry-level semi-skilled production role with on‑the‑job training at Nucor Steel.
Detailing Group Leader
Supervises and mentors detailing team to meet project deadlines and quality standards.
Senior Power BI Developer
Create, deploy, and manage Power BI dashboards while leading BI initiatives.
NTP-CS Production Supervisor
Lead a production team to meet safety, efficiency, and profit targets.
CDL Driver III-KCKS
Drive local roll-off containers/trailers, conduct inspections, and uphold safety standards.
Market Analyst
Analyze market, financial and scrap data to forecast prices and guide commercial decisions.
Senior Account Manger
Manage supplier relationships, sourcing, and logistics for steel scrap procurement.
Order Fulfillment Specialist/UPS I
Assemble kits, pick/pack orders, and prepare shipments using UPS/FedEx.
Maintenance Mechanic
Perform mechanical maintenance and repairs on hot mill equipment at Nucor steel plant.
Maintenance Technician
Perform preventive maintenance and troubleshoot industrial machinery in a steel plant.
Quality Coordinator I
Supports NWS product quality from design to completion, handling claims and investigations.
Project Manager Group Leader
Lead, mentor, and manage Project Managers to ensure safe, on‑time, quality projects.
Rigger/Welder
Perform welding, rigging, and fit‑up tasks in steel joist manufacturing.
Welder
Perform MIG welding of structural steel components to meet CWB and company standards.
Electrical Project Manager
Oversee electrical projects from concept to completion, ensuring safety, budget, and schedule.
Operations Supervisor I - 2nd shift
Oversee 2nd shift production, manage staff, ensure quality, safety, and meet goals.
Operations Supervisor I - Weekend Shift
Oversee weekend production, lead staff, ensure safety, quality, and efficiency.
Entry Level Production - Camp Hill, PA
Entry-level production role at Skyline Steel, performing semi‑skilled manufacturing tasks.
HVAC Technician
Maintain and repair plant-wide HVAC systems, ensure safety, and support maintenance.
Financial Analyst
Financial analysis, reporting, month‑end close, budgeting for Nucor division
AIA Program Manager - West
Manage AIA Lunch & Learn program, liaise with architects, generate leads.
Automotive Technical Lead
Lead OEM/Tier1 quality, technical support and steel solutions for automotive customers
NSIN Entry Level Production - Steel
Semi‑skilled production role with on‑the‑job training, physical labor and safety focus.
Maintenance
Perform equipment operation, maintenance, and cleaning tasks in a recycling plant.
Concrete Reinforcing Technician
Detail and manage rebar projects using RebarCAD, ensuring contracts and communication.
Concrete Reinforcing Technician Trainee
Detail simple concrete reinforcement projects using AutoCAD.
CDL Driver III-KCKS
Local CDL driver delivering roll‑off containers and trailers for recycling.
Structural Machine Operator Teammate
Operate various structural department machines, ensure safety, quality, and continuous improvement.
NSTCL District Sales Manager (South TX & Louisiana)
Lead sales and marketing for Nucor Plate Group in South Texas & Louisiana, with extensive travel
Financial Analyst - Supply Chain Strategy
Analyze data and finances to optimize supply chain strategy.
Sales Representative (Ferrous, Nonferrous, Ferroalloy & Industrial)
Buy/sell scrap metals, develop supplier and customer relationships, manage trades.
NTP-Gallatin Security Guard
Ensure safety of visitors and coordinate shipments as a security guard.
Entry Level Production & Warehouse - NTP Marseilles 3
Entry-level production and warehouse role with on-the-job training, flexible shifts.
Safety Trainee
Assist safety manager with safety programs, training, audits, and compliance.
Occupational Health Coordinator
Coordinate onsite occupational health, emergency response, and safety programs.
Accounts Receivable Administrator
Process and manage accounts receivable, cash applications, and month‑end tasks.
Buyer II
Procure and manage ferrous/non-ferrous scrap, supplier relations and logistics.
NSD Mechanical Engineer
Design, troubleshoot, and improve mechanical/hydraulic systems for steel plant operations.
Quality Technician-Armorel
Conduct visual weld and coating inspections, report, audit, calibrate equipment.
NDS Madison - Entry Level Production
Entry-level production role with on‑the‑job training, supporting manufacturing operations.
Placing Manager
Lead and manage rebar placing operations, safety, sales, and customer relations.
Hot Mill Operator
Operate hot mill equipment safely to produce quality steel, support safety and team.
Maintenance Mechanic
Maintain, troubleshoot, and improve steel production equipment across shifts.
QC Inspector - Nucor Towers & Structures
Perform weld inspections, verify specs compliance, record findings per AWS D1.1.
Credit Administrator
Processes payments, invoices and AR tasks, handling customer billing and credit actions.
Safety & Health Coordinator
Promote and manage safety programs, OSHA compliance, and incident prevention at the steel plant.
Structural Design Engineer EIT
Design metal building systems—steel, panels, bracing—ensuring safety, compliance, and efficiency.
NTP-CS Automation Technician
Install, maintain, troubleshoot automation systems and robotics in steel production.
Accounts Payable Administrator
Full-cycle accounts payable processing and vendor management
Safety & Health Technician
Ensures safety, health, security, and emergency response at NCSI plant.
Parts Hanger - Weekend Shift
Prepares, hangs, and unloads powder‑coated door parts for assembly.
Fitter Welder - Nucor Towers & Structures
Perform welding and fitting tasks in steel manufacturing at Nucor Towers & Structures.
Mechanical Engineer II
Lead mechanical engineer for product development and ECO support of industrial doors.
Process Engineer - Coatings
Improve safety, quality, productivity, and cost of coating processes (pickle & galvanize).
PLTCM Lead
Lead safety, operations, and process improvement for Pickle Line Tandem Cold Mill.
Maintenance Electrician - 2nd Shift
Maintain and troubleshoot electrical equipment for panel line and processes.
Production Programmer - Nucor Towers & Structures
Create nesting programs, enter data, coordinate production schedule, ensure safety.